These notes come as
an addendum to The Doocots of Caithness (1), the buildings
having been identified during the summer of 1982.
SANDSIDE HOUSE,
REAY PARISH
(map ref.
NC953653)
Incorporated, as a
later addition, in the NW angle of the walled garden lying to the
north of Sandside House, is a square dovecote. It stands
approximately 16' high (4.90m), rising just above the garden
walls, with a pyramidal graded Caithness slate roof, square apex
finial and weather-vane. Like other fine garden walling and estate
buildings at Sandside, the cote is of good quality local rubble
masonry with neat long/short angle detailing. On plan the building
measures 12' x 12' (3.65 x 3.65m) with a door in the centre of the
south elevation. Internally it is divided horizontally into ground
floor room and loft, the latter reached by a simple wooden ladder.
Other than its
overall size and shape, coupled with the fact that it is called
the dovecote on the estate, there is little to associate this
building with a conventional dovecote designed to rear and house
birds destined for the table. No symmetrical grouping of
flightholes, either in the walls or roof, and no nesting boxes
lining the interior. There are two small off centre vents in the
south side, and a single one in the east, both without alighting
ledges, giving access to the loft at a little above floor level.
Two rectangular openings approximately 2' wide by 1' high (60 x
30cm) open from the ground floor chamber in the west side and
there is a similar vent in the north. These openings are closed
inside with plain shutters fastened with swivel pins.
One of the final
phases of pigeon husbandry was to use the captive birds for
marksmanship. They were released from traps as targets in order
that sportsmen might improve their aim (2), a practice which died
out towards the end of the nineteenth century when it was deemed
"of lowly origin", or even because the advice given in 1892 that
"it is wise to shoot pigeons at recognised clubs only ..... or
experience at the trap may be very dearly bought" (3) was not
sufficiently heeded! The nomenclature has survived to this day;
the catapult used to launch the targets is a trap, while the
targets themselves are clay pigeons.
It would have been
possible that at Sandside birds intended as targets were housed in
the dovecote loft, coming and going and feeding themselves. When
needed by the guns, they could be shut in the building, and
released through the lower shuttered windows to the marksmen
standing in the field outside, with the added element of surprise
that it would not be known through which opening the birds would
appear. Within the cote the pigeon handler would at least have
been out of danger... though not the birds!
BARROCK MAINS
STEADING, B0WER PARISH
(map ref. ND283626)
This is an imposing
earlier nineteenth century, wide south facing steading range with
grain loft and six segmental headed cart bays to the left of the
central entrance, and a terrace of three farm
workers' dwellings to the right. There is a centre squat
tower rising above the ridge, over the arched entrance
giving access to the inner court, with a chamber over lit by
paired narrow windows with a row of pigeon flight holes above. The
wallhead of the tower is adorned with crenellation and
dummy pediments. Access was not possible but the flight holes
indicate that this room was a dovecote, and though this appears to
be the only one of its kind in Caithness, the dovecote as a
central feature in large earlier nineteenth century steading
ranges was not uncommon. Crackaig, Loth (1829) and Tongue Mains
(1843) both in Sutherland, are northerly examples.
WESTFIELD, HALKIRK
PARISH
(map ref.
ND064643)
In the garden
behind Westfield House, is a square, 2-storey, whitewashed rubble
buildihg with pyramidal roof, much like that at Sandside in size
and appearance, but freestanding, except for a short length of
(later) garden wall linking it to a neighbouring dwelling. It has
a centre door in the south side and a further loft entrance in the
east. Any evidence of flight holes is completely obliterated by
excessive growth of ivy, a veritable tree! However, this cote
appears to be a combined hen/pigeon house, where the hens would
have been accommodated below with wooden nesting boxes and
possibly a perching bar, and the doves above. Access to the
dovecote, to collect both squabs and dung, would have been by
ladder. Until the end of the nineteenth century pigeons were
considered part of the poultry yard, and such accommodation was
not uncommon. Farming handbooks contained instructions for the
care of the birds and the provision of suitable housing (4). Mains
of Eden, Banffshire, has a poultry house with separate rooms and
yards for turkeys, geese and hens, with pigeons in a central tower
(5).
These three
dovecotes illustrate the strands of the final stages of pigeon
husbandry. Despite the advent of root crops and improved grass
which enabled more livestock to be overwintered, making fresh meat
available most of the year for those who could afford it, the
habit of breeding and eating pigeons lingered.
The
prestige element of the dovecote, in 1617 restricted by law to
landowners, continued with its inclusion as a central
architectural feature in the imposing farm steadings built by
their successors. In
Caithness it appears to have found yet another role to play, on
the periphery of the later nineteenth century expanding Highland
sporting scene.
R
E F E R E N C E S
1. Elizabeth
Beaton, The Doocots of Caithness (1978)
2. Sporting
Magazine XLI (1813)p.84.
"The parties fired with double barrelled guns at 2 pigeons from a
trap."
3. Greener,
Breach Loader (1892)
4. H. Stephens,
Book of the Farm, 4th ed. (1890) Div.11, p429.
5. Designed by A. &
W. Reid, Architect, Elgin, 1852
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