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Caithness Field Club

The Evolution of The Vegetation of Northern Scotland
K Butler

Northern Scotland Since the Ice Age

DATEICE AND WEATHERSEA LEVELNAMEZONEVEGETATIONFAUNAHISTORYAGE
Present

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2500BC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5000BC

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

7500BC

 

Warm & Wet 

 

 

 

Present
Level

Sub Atlanticzone V111Arable
Farming
First 
Castles
Norse
Settlement
Celtic
Pastoral
Farming

Peat 1cm
in 50 years


Peat 1cm in
3 years

Reindeer
extinct 
Picts
The
Broch
Period
I
R
O
N

A
G
E
Cool & DrySub-Borealzone
V11b
Bear
Wolf
Reindeer
Elk
Beaver
Boar
Great Ox
Red Dear
Some
Forest
Regeneration


 

 

Elm decline
in England

High Level

Melting
of
N American
and
Scandinavian
Ice
B
R
O
N
Z
E
Warm & WetAtlanticzone
V11a
Stone
Setting
Builders
Tomb
Builders
M
E
S
O
L
I
T
H
I
C
Onset of
Peat
Formation
Low Level

Britain
connected
to the
Continent
but not to
Ireland
Northern
Lynx
extinct
First
Settlers
In
Caithness
N
E
O
L
I
T
H
I
C
Cool & Dry


 

 

 


Cold

Borealzone
V1
Forest

Birch Hazel
Oak Elm
Alder
Beaver
Bear
Great Ox
Red Deer
Wolf
zone
V
 Tundra

Juniper Willow
Grass
Sedge
Final Retreat of Ice

pre-Borealzone
1V

Published April 1974